The fabrication of compact heat exchangers with precisely designed micro- and minichannels is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of thermal management systems. Friction stir channeling (FSC) emerges as a cost-effective advanced manufacturing …
An assisted heating tool design was used to obtain better weld surface finish, and lower chip formation and material loss during friction stir welding (FSW) of thermoplastics. The welded coupons of polypropylene with various tool rotational speeds …
Currently friction stir welding tools are designed by trial and error. Here we propose and test a criterion for the design of a tool shoulder diameter based on the principle of maximum utilization of supplied torque for traction. The optimum tool …